This city was the farthest west on the Silk Roads.

This city became one of the major intellectual centers of the Islamic world.

This city became a major stop along the Indian Ocean trade routes and became a major center of Chinese immigrants.

This place was the major city along the Saharan trade routes.

This city was not on a major trade route but was able to expand and prosper from the wealth of the trade.

This city along the Silk Roads is believed to be one of the centers of paper making.